Thinking activity on Bob Dylan & Robert Frost

Hello readers, I hope you are all doing well. Today I'm going to talk about two major American poets and songwriters, Bob Dylan and Robert Frost. This task is given by Vaidehi ma'am. For more information about thinking task you can visit the teacher's blog, https://vaidehi09.blogspot.com/2021/05/bob-dylan-and-robert-frost.html.So let's start…


●Bob Dylan●


Bob Dylan (born Robert Allen Zimmerman; May 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter, author and visual artist. Often regarded as one of the greatest songwriters of all time, Dylan has been a major figure in popular culture during a career spanning nearly 60 years. 




I like one of his poem "Blowin’ in the wind" the most. Here is this poem… 


How many roads must a man walk down

Before you call him a man?

Yes, ’n’ how many seas must a white dove sail

Before she sleeps in the sand?

Yes, ’n’ how many times must the cannonballs fly

Before they’re forever banned?

The answer, my friend, is blowin’ in the wind

The answer is blowin’ in the wind



How many years can a mountain exist

Before it’s washed to the sea?

Yes, ’n’ how many years can some people exist

Before they’re allowed to be free?

Yes, ’n’ how many times can a man turn his head

Pretending he just doesn’t see?

The answer, my friend, is blowin’ in the wind

The answer is blowin’ in the wind



How many times must a man look up

Before he can see the sky?

Yes, ’n’ how many ears must one man have

Before he can hear people cry?

Yes, ’n’ how many deaths will it take till he knows

That too many people have died?

The answer, my friend, is blowin’ in the wind

The answer is blowin’ in the wind. 


"Blowin' in the Wind," Bob Dylan's classic 1962 protest song, has had a long, rich life as an anthem for causes from civil rights to nuclear disarmament. In this song, the speaker poses a series of huge questions about the persistence of war and oppression, and then responds with one repeated, cryptic reply: "The answer, my friends, is blowin' in the wind." Finding an end to human cruelty, the song suggests, is a matter of understanding a truth that's all around but paradoxically impossible to grasp. 


◆Summary of the poem :-


How many paths does a person have to walk along before they're treated like a human being? How many oceans does a white dove have to fly over before she can rest on dry land? And how many times must weapons of war be fired before they're outlawed forever? The answer to these questions is just moving through the air, my friend, it's just moving through the air.


How long can a mountain be around before it crumbles into the ocean? How long can some human beings be around before they're finally freed from oppression? And how many times can a person look away from that oppression, acting like they simply don't see it? The answer to these questions is just moving through the air, my friend, it's just moving through the air.


How many times does a person have to look up before they actually see the sky? How many ears does a single person have to have before they'll actually listen to other people weeping? And how many people have to die for that same person to understand that there's too much death in the world? The answer to these questions is just moving through the air, my friend, it's just moving through the air.


◆Why i like this song ?


I like this song among all Bob Dylan songs. And it made an impact on me. Because this song indicates the reality of society and incomprehensible cruelty of war and oppression.


"Blowin' in the Wind," Bob Dylan's classic 1962 protest song, has had a long, rich life as an anthem for causes from civil rights to nuclear disarmament. In this song, the speaker poses a series of huge questions about the persistence of war and oppression, and then responds with one repeated, cryptic reply: "The answer, my friends, is blowin' in the wind." Finding an end to human cruelty, the song suggests, is a matter of understanding a truth that's all around but paradoxically impossible to grasp.



This song addresses the incomprehensible cruelty of war and oppression. In this song, the speaker asks a series of unanswerable questions about how long it will take for humanity to establish lasting peace, compassion, and justice, and then repeatedly concludes


“The answer is blowin’ in the wind.”


This ambiguous reply suggests the complexities of the question itself, if the answer is “blowin’ in the wind,” it’s either right there in front of people or it's impossible to grasp or both! That paradox also reflects on the nature of human cruelties, those obvious evils that humanity can’t seem to stop perpetuating. 


The speaker presents listeners with a series of big questions about war, oppression, and indifference throughout the song, treating these questions both as worldwide problems and the problems of every individual. To that end, the song's language is grand and general, and the use of biblically inflected images for instance, the searching dove as a symbol of peace suggests the scale and depth of the questions at hand, these are issues, the song implies, that go right to the roots of human nature itself. 


Of course, these questions also work on a more personal scale. Stopping war and oppression is the individual, internal work of “a man,” the song suggests, as much as that of a government or a nation, big cruelties can grow from individual attitudes to the world. 


Here i want to say that as the solution to all these problems, the song repeatedly insists, is both ever present and impossible to grasp: it’s “blowin’ in the wind,” at once as obvious and as invisible as the air itself. This paradoxical non answer suggests bewilderment in the face of human cruelty, but also a strange sort of hopefulness. One can’t pin the wind down, but it is everywhere.


Perhaps the song is suggesting that people need to think and perceive in new, freer ways in order to break out of their old patterns of war and violence. That this is a job both for humanity at large and for every “man” offers a grain of hope in the song as well, 


"If individual people can think in novel ways and come to understand how the answer might be “blowin’ in the wind,” maybe an end to war, cruelty, and oppression is possible after all." 


●Robert Frost●


Robert Frost, in full Robert Lee Frost, (born March 26, 1874, San Francisco, California, U.S. Died in January 29, 1963, Boston, Massachusetts), American poet who was much admired for his depictions of the rural life of New England, his command of American colloquial speech, and his realistic verse portraying ordinary people in everyday situations.




I like one of his poem "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" the most. Here is the poem… 


Whose woods these are I think I know. 

His house is in the village though; 

He will not see me stopping here 

To watch his woods fill up with snow. 


My little horse must think it queer 

To stop without a farmhouse near 

Between the woods and frozen lake 

The darkest evening of the year. 


He gives his harness bells a shake 

To ask if there is some mistake. 

The only other sound’s the sweep  

Of easy wind and downy flake. 


The woods are lovely, dark and deep, 

But I have promises to keep, 

And miles to go before I sleep, 

And miles to go before I sleep. 

 

"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" was written by American poet Robert Frost in 1922 and published in 1923, as part of his collection New Hampshire. The poem is told from the perspective of a traveler who stops to watch the snowfall in the forest, and in doing so reflects on both nature and society. Frost claimed to have written the poem in one sitting. Though this is likely apocryphal, it would have been particularly impressive due to the poem's formal skill, it is written in perfect iambic tetrameter and utilizes a tight-knit chain rhyme characteristic to a form called the Rubaiyat stanza.


◆Summary of the poem:-


The speaker thinks about who owns the woods that he or she is passing through, and is fairly sure of knowing the landowner. However, the owner's home is far away in the village, and thus he is physically incapable of seeing the speaker pause to watch the snowfall in the forest.


The speaker thinks his or her horse must find it strange to stop so far from any signs of civilization. Indeed, they are surrounded only by the forest and a frozen lake, on the longest night of the year.


The horse shakes the bells on its harness, as if asking if the speaker has made a mistake by stopping. The only other sound besides the ringing of these bells is that of the wind and falling snowflakes, which the speaker likens to the feathers of goose down.


The speaker finds the woods very alluring, drawn both to their darkness and how vast and all encompassing they seem. However, the speaker has obligations to fulfill elsewhere. Thus, though he or she would like to stay and rest, the speaker knows there are many more miles to go before that will be possible.


◆Why i like this song ?


This song made an impact on me. We see the contrast between society and the natural world. While society is a place of confinements and restrictions, nature is a place of respite and peace. I like one of this stanza, 


The woods are lovely, dark and deep, 

But I have promises to keep, 

And miles to go before I sleep, 

And miles to go before I sleep. 


Speaker said that the woods are lovely, dark and deep, but he or she keeps promise that they have miles to go before they sleep. The speaker of the poem is mindful that he has "miles to go before" he can stop to rest, so aware is he and so pressing are his responsibilities that he actually repeats this idea twice at the end of the poem. He knows that his "promises" must be kept, his responsibilities met. However, he cannot help but be arrested by the beautiful and tranquil sight of the deep, dark woods "fill[ing] up with snow." It is the darkest evening of the year and the "downy flake" blows gently through the "lovely, dark and deep" forest. The speaker is so awed by the sight of the dark woods and the pure white snow that he stops, and even his horse is a little confused because he is used to their routine and knows that they would not normally "stop without a farmhouse near." Thus, one theme of the poem is that the beauty and tranquility of nature can provide a respite from the demands of society and work. 


Thank you… 

Breath : A Short Play experiment by Latta Baraiya

As a student of the Department of English, MKBU, our Sundays become more interesting and creative. As part of our Sunday reading task activity this Sunday we are going to have one experiment of Breath:A short play (30sec) by Samuel Beckett. This task is assigned by Dr. Dilip Barad sir, in which we have to shoot one video about how we interpret the things and try to picturized Beckett's play according to our understanding. Here is the teacher's blog link fore more information,


https://blog.dilipbarad.com/2014/09/interpretation-challenge-breath.html


The Theatre of Absurd started in the early 20th Century by a group of dramatists who considered themselves intellectuals and wanted to show their reaction to the realistic dramatists of the 19thCentury who were very popular in their time. The Theatre of Absurd was a reaction against the realistic drama of the 19thCentury. Gradually this movement became very popular among the audience of the time. Martin Esslin made the form popular. He wrote a book entitled Absurd Drama which propagates the theory and principles of Absurd Drama. Many dramatists like Samuel Beckett, Eugene O’ Neil, Arthur Adamov, and EdwardAlbee etc.Wrote many absurd plays which became very popular among the audience. Although it declined in the beginning of the 21st century, even in our age there are some dramatists like Harold Pinter, who wrote Absurd plays. 


(Samuel Beckett)


At the beginning of the third act of Measure for Measure, as Claudio languishes in prison, sentenced to death for the crime of fornication, the Duke (disguised as a friar) counsels the condemned man to "reason thus with life" : 


A breath thou art, 

Servile to all the skyey influences 

That do this habitation, where thou keep'st, 

Hourly afflict.


Of all of Shakespeare's comedies, Measure for Measure is the most congruent with the works of Samuel Beckett; its bitter laughter, its depiction of pitiful humanity, and its preoccupation with death resonate throughout the Irishman's works. 


Breath is a absurd play written by Samuel Beckett in the 1969. It considered as a smallest play ever written. It is only about 30 second play. It also considered as experimental play. This play can be interpretated in many ways. The play consider as absurd play. Here is the video of the play 'Breath',




Simply we know that breathing means an inhalation or exhalation of air from the lungs. But it's also considered as the life and death also. An inhalation is indicates the birth and an exhalation indicates the death. So we can say that Breath means both life and death. In life it consider as the symbol  of action. Sometimes person so much habituated of breathing. Person doesn't realise its actually importance for live life. The play reflects the reality of human life. It reflects meaningless and absurdity. Meaningless in the sense that people has no any purpose of living life. Everything is meaningless. We live life just waiting for death. Breathing help us to reach ultimately death. So Breath is the symbol of Bridge between life and death. People who do everything and anything in their life, is all about absurdity. 


Transcript of the Play



Curtain.



1. Faint light on stage littered with miscellaneous rubbish. Hold for about five seconds.



2. Faint brief cry and immediately inspiration and slow increase of light together reaching maximum together in about ten seconds. Silence and hold about five seconds.



3. Expiration and slow decrease of light together reaching minimum together (light as in I) in about ten seconds and immediately cry as before. Silence and hold for about five seconds.



Rubbish. No verticals, all scattered and lying. Cry. Instant of recorded vagitus. Important that two cries be identical, switching on and off strictly synchronized light and breath. Breath. Amplified recording.



Maximum light. Not bright. If 0 = dark and 10 = bright, light should move from about 3 to 6 and back.


Yes, there are lot many videos, in which we can see the adaptations of this play and all seems very creative and worth watching. You also watch some of the videos which are attached in Teacher's blog. Here I'm sharing my picturization of the play:




In above picturization we see that it revolves around the birth to death. There is one statement that…


"We are thrown into the meaningless universe."


It means there is nothing meaningful in our life. Everything is meaningless, pointless. What we do, what we did and what we are going to do is like nothing,it's meaningless. Is that so ??? 


When we listen about this question our mind is going to fight with all this things.  Because we basically believers of Karma, God, Goddesses. And as a believer of that we have myths of heaven and hell. Many people believe that if they do good Karma they get good future and they will be go in heaven, if they do bad Karma they have to suffer a lot in their life and get place in hell. And the interesting fact is that nobody seen God, Goddesses and even there is no proof of heaven and hell !!! And they believe there is meaning behind their life !  But in existentialism Camus makes a rather bold claim on the meaning of life: 


There isn’t one and we can’t make one either. 

He argues that it is impossible for us to find a satisfying answer to the question of the meaning of life, and any attempt to impose a meaning on the universe will end in disaster, as whatever meaning we pick will be sent up later.


In the begging of the video we see one toy(dog). What is the work of toys ? Their work is to make someone happy, mostly childrens, there are also youngsters and old people who like to play with toys. So the main work of any toy is make to someone happy and delightful. The same thing happens with people also. Many people waste their life to make someone happy. They blindly doing same like toys. But we know that after some time children don't like to play with the same toy and they bought a new one, in the same way some people are gate bored and feel suffocated with the company of same person. So at the end there is no meaning of that to make someone happy. One day we all have to die then why people wasting time on this meaningless activities. 

The other important symbol which I used here is the light. Light indicates happiness and sadness. As we know that light never remains On for all time and it also does not remain Off. It continues on and off. The same concept seems in our life also. Happiness and sadness is like light. We can't be happy forever in our whole life. And there is no sadness for all time in our life. It's like one goes and the second comes. They both do not exist at the same place and same time. And this is life. We have to accept the situation as it is. 


In between the video i used other unnecessary stuffs, that indicates absurdity and meaningless, Which indicated the development of life and going to conclude with last breath means death. That all rubbish things are not necessary for human life but people wanted to live their life with full capacities. They wanted to show off. At the end there is nothing going to with them. In this all stuffs we can see that after death we don't know when we are going to take next birth, then why this all rubbish matter attract people ? Why society make that all rules about life ? But there is one point that,


If there is no meaning of life, then why don't we create our own meaning of life !?!


And another important thing is that,


કાલે મારવાના ડરથી આપણે આજે જીવવાનું નથી છોડતા.


There are lots of questions which is not answered. But what if the meaning of knowing that answers ? This all things are absurd. Because there isn't meaning to find the answers. We have to focus on our present, this is the moment which we can control.  So the thing is that birth and death is not controlled by us, but our future our present is on our hand. We make it brighter. Not for others but for ourselves. Not to make others happy but for us to stay happy. Yes after that all there is nothing in life, everything is meaningless, but live for ourselves is far better rather than live for make others happy. 

So this is my interpretation of this play. 

 

Thank you...

For Whom the Bell Tolls

Hello readers, my name is Latta Baraiya and I'm a student of the department of English, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University. This blog is part of my thinking activity, assigned by Heenaba Zala ma'am.  Today I'm going to discuss Hemingway's writing style in this blog. 




Ernest Miller Hemingway was an American novelist, short-story writer, journalist, and sportsman. His economical and understated style which he termed the iceberg theory had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his adventurous lifestyle and his public image brought him admiration from later generations. 


A great deal has been written about Hemingway's distinctive style. In fact, the two great stylists of twentieth century American literature are William Faulkner and Ernest Hemingway, and the styles of the two writers are so vastly different that there can be no comparison. For example, their styles have become so famous and so individually unique that yearly contests award prizes to people who write the best parodies of their styles. The parodies of Hemingway's writing style are perhaps the more fun to read because of Hemingway's ultimate simplicity and because he so often used the same style and the same themes in much of his work.


Ernest Hemingway is one of the most widely read and well-known authors of the 20th century. His more famous works, 

helped cement Hemingway's place among the best writers of his day. 


One of the things that sets Hemingway's works apart is the way in which he writes. Ever since his writing career started in the 1920s, Hemingway has been known for his short, straightforward style that is both simplistic and unadorned. His writing style stood out among his peers who were writing at the time in a very flowery, complex way.


Hemingway's style is remarkably similar to the writing style of a journalist, and for good reason. His early background included journalistic training, a style of writing that relies heavily on presenting the facts in a crisp and clear way and allowing dialogue or conversations to shine through, and a stint at the newspaper, Kansas City Star. In short, Hemingway wrote the way people really talked or experienced things, rather than embellishing them for a more ornate style of prose. The author himself once said that a writer's style should be direct and personal with wording that is simple and vigorous.


Hemingway's writing style is sometimes referred to as the iceberg theory. The general idea of the iceberg theory is that a writer should focus on a minimalistic style without explicitly stating the underlying issues or themes. Essentially, the importance of a story lies beneath the surface and cannot be directly seen. This is like an iceberg in that you may notice a small portion of the ice above the water line, but cannot see the larger structure beneath. 


Basically, a typical Hemingway novel or short story is written in simple, direct, unadorned prose. Possibly, the style developed because of his early journalistic training. The reality, however, is this: Before Hemingway began publishing his short stories and sketches, American writers affected British mannerisms. Adjectives piled on top of one another; adverbs tripped over each other. Colons clogged the flow of even short paragraphs, and the plethora of semicolons often caused readers to throw up their hands in exasperation. And then came Hemingway.


Hemingway has often been described as a master of dialogue, in story after story, novel after novel, readers and critics have remarked, 


"This is the way that these characters would really talk." 


Yet, a close examination of his dialogue reveals that this is rarely the way people really speak. The effect is accomplished, rather, by calculated emphasis and repetition that makes us remember what has been said.


◆Style in "Hills Like White Elephants" :-


Perhaps some of the best of Hemingway's much-celebrated use of dialogue occurs in "Hills Like White Elephants." When the story opens, two characters, a man and a woman, are sitting at a table. We finally learn that the girl's nickname is "Jig." Eventually we learn that they are in the cafe of a train station in Spain. But Hemingway tells us nothing about them or about their past or about their future. There is no description of them. We don't know their ages. We know virtually nothing about them. The only information that we have about them is what we learn from their dialogue, thus this story must be read very carefully.




This spare, carefully honed and polished writing style of Hemingway was by no means spontaneous. When he worked as a journalist, he learned to report facts crisply and succinctly. He was also an obsessive revisionist. It is reported that he wrote and rewrote all, or portions, of The Old Man and the Sea more than two hundred times before he was ready to release it for publication.


◆Style in "A Clean, Well-Lighted Place" :-




An excellent example of Hemingway's style is found in "A Clean, Well-Lighted Place." In this story, there is no maudlin sentimentality; the plot is simple, yet highly complex and difficult. Focusing on an old man and two waiters, Hemingway says as little as possible. He lets the characters speak, and, from them, we discover the inner loneliness of two of the men and the callous prejudices of the other. When Hemingway was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature in 1954, his writing style was singled out as one of his foremost achievements. The committee recognized his 


"forceful and style-making mastery of the art of modern narration."


◆Style in The "Old Man and The Sea" :-


History tells us that Hemingway wrote and revised his most famous novella hundreds of times before it was ready to be published. The day he finished writing, he called his publisher, telling him it was the best work he had ever done. Still, it followed Hemingway's general theory of writing in a number of ways:


First, it is simple. What could be simpler than a story about a fisherman attempting a great catch?


Simplicity is not in the story alone, but also in the way the novella is structured. Short, simple sentences help to make the work a very quick read. When short sentences are not used, Hemingway is fond of using 'and' to connect thoughts together.


For example: 


''He was an old man who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf Stream and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish.''


This is the first sentence in Hemingway's book and shows immediately the simplicity with which he plans to tell this story. There is no fancy language or emotion conveyed, just simple facts.


Second, it is direct. Hemingway's style is effective because of the uncomplicated choice of wording he uses in writing his piece. In short, he uses very specific and direct word choice that contributes to his overall style of writing that is direct and unbothered. 




Thus we can say that Hemingway took great pains with his work, he revised tirelessly. "A writer's style," he said, 


"should be direct and personal, his imagery rich and earthy, and his words simple and vigorous." 


Hemingway more than fulfilled his own requirements for good writing. His words are simple and vigorous, burnished and uniquely brilliant. 

Thinking task : Transcendentalism

Hello everyone, myself Latta Baraiya, and I'm a student at the department of English, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University. This thinking task is given by Vaidehi ma'am. So in this blog I'm going to share my views about transcendentalism. So let's discuss about this theory,

First of all we have to clear a concept of what is the theory of transcendentalism ? And what is the connection of transcendentalism  with nature ? 

Transcendentalism is an American theory. It is a very formal word that describes a very simple idea. People, men and women equally, have knowledge about themselves and the world around them that "transcends" or goes beyond what they can see, hear, taste, touch or feel. Five predominant elements of Transcendentalism are nonconformity, self-reliance, free thought, confidence, and the importance of nature. These concepts are liberally sprinkled throughout Emerson's essay "Nature." When Emerson says that we should 

"demand our own works and laws and worship," 

He espouses nonconformity. Transcendentalism, or American Transcendentalism, was a multi-faceted movement. It introduced freethinking in religion, intuitive idealism in philosophy, individualism in literature, new spirit in social reforms, and new optimism in peoples’ minds. This New England movement flourished in a period between 1830 and 1860. After clarification of this theory of transcendentalism, here are my answers regarding this activity.


◆Transcendentalists talk about Individual’s relation with Nature. What is Nature for you? Share your views. 


According to me, nature is objects like trees, wind, sun, moon, Star, water, flowers, grass, land, river, sea, mountain, valley, snow and the atmosphere.




Whenever we are in trouble we like to accompany nature. Nature gives us solutions to every problem. When we think of nature, most people believe that nature is the creator and it has all power to control over the world's people and everything it's about heaven and hell. People think that nature(God) will publish them if they do bad karma. This theory is also included in nature. But nature is that environment that gives us spirit. It's obvious that when we have any issues or we fail we clearly bleme nature. But nature also gave us solutions to problems. When I feel sad, I used to sit outside at home at night. Looking into the sky and watching the stars and moon. It gives me peace of mind. If we think in that way we can understand that, nature provides us the opportunity to be a good being. For me it's easy to stay moral with nature. They also provide morality. As we know that Thoreau and Emerson emphasized on the transcendentalist idea of human harmony with nature. They believed that,


Nature can help us improve spiritually and help us connect to the rest of the world. 


According to Transcendental ideas, everything is connected, everything is one. I also believe that nature helps us to connect to the mind also. It has the power to conjunct and destroy. Nature also teaches us to be calm. So there are no special classes required to learn how to learn with nature. So I can say that nature is one my teacher. 


◆Transcendentalism is an American Philosophy that influenced American Literature at length. Can you find any Indian/Regional literature or Philosophy that came up with such similar thoughts?


As we know, transcendentalism was the first American intellectual movement that showed true interests in Eastern philosophy. Emerson started to read about Indian philosophy and mythology in The Edinburgh Review between 1820 and 1825. His interest in Indian thought grew when he was a young Harvard graduate, and it continued until the end of his writing career. We see similar thoughts in this philosophy of the concept of Brahma and Karma. There is also very much similarity of this theory in the Bhagavad Gita also. 


The Indian concept of Brahma had great influence. Brahma is the god of creation, and one of the Hindu trinity others being Visnu, the preserver and savior of the world, and Siva, the destroyer or dissolver of the world. Three concepts crucial to understanding Brahman are: 


  • Para and Apara Brahma, 

  • Atman, and 

  • Maya. 


There are two forms of Brahm: para and apara Brahman, one is the formed and the other formless. In the Upanishads, the form is described as unreal and the formless as real. The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad states that,


“Truly, there are two aspects of Brahman, the formed and the formless, the mortal and the immortal, the unmoving and moving, the existent and that which is beyond existence”. 


The immortal Brahma enters into the mortal Brahma. When this happens, a human, a mortal Brahma, becomes united with the immortal. In this way, humans can be united with the “formless” Brahma, which can be difficult even for the strong gods. Another metaphysical concept of Brahma is Atman, which is synonymous with the Supreme Self or Spirit. Atman is the impersonal God, godlikeness, or the power of creation in the universe, which is found in all beings. We see this conception of atman in Emerson’s “Divinity School Address,” in which he says that: Jesus Christ belonged to the true race of prophets. He saw with open eyes the mystery of the soul….He saw that God incarnates himself in man, and evermore goes forth anew to take possession of his world. He said, in this jubilee of sublime emotion, 


“I am divine. Through me, God acts; through me, speaks. Would you see God, see me; or, see thee, when thou also thinkest as I now think.” 


In addition, Emerson constructs his own God and names Him the Over Soul. He believes that the nature of the relationship between the Over-Soul and the individual is one-to-one. There is no place for any mediators, such as churches or priests, in this sacred and organic relationship. 

The idea of Maya is probably most important for understanding the concept of Brahma and its influence on Emerson. In its simplest form, Maya means a magical power in which the Creator reveals Himself and the mystery of His creation. Maya has a double meaning because it is simultaneously a product of power of creativity and the power itself. The Svetasvatara Upanisad says, 


“Know that nature (prakriti) is maya and that the user of maya is great Isvara. And the whole world is filled with beings that are part of him”. 




The concept of Maya is also related to that of atman, where all beings of the world are seen as parts of the Supreme Being. The way Maya works seems to be contradictory at times because we have to unite ourselves with Maya, and at the same time, we have to remain distinct from it. Thus, Emerson’s writings illustrate that he was heavily influenced by the concept of Maya. 

So in that way we see the similar philosophy of transcendentalism. 


Thanks. 😊

Sunday reading : Flipped Learning & Existentialism

Hello everyone,


Today I'm going to talk about flipped learning. This is obviously our Sunday reading task, assigned by our Prof Dr. Dilip Barad sir. So this Sunday sir gave us an interesting activity. In this task we are supposed to watch 10 short videos and after watching videos we have to write one quote from each video. We also have to ask questions from each video which we don't understand. So here I'm sharing the link to Sir's blog to understand the task, as well as to know more about flipped learning, absurdity and existentialism. 

 https://blog.dilipbarad.com/2016/01/flipped-learning-network.html


Here are my quotes and my questions regarding the videos :


Video 1




"Philosophic things in existence begin within the thinking subject namely the individual."


Video 2




"We are concern here are flights with the relationship; it's been individual thoughts and prepared within silence of heart, as is a great work of art."

-Camus


Video 3




"Reason is useless and there is nothing beyond reason in absurdity."


"Faith is the objective uncertainty with the repulsion of the absurd."


Video 4




"The absurd doesn't frighten me, because from a more elevated point of view, i consider everything in life to be absurd."


Video 5




"It is you who judge every value and choose your own meaning in life and once you are done that you should take responsibility for the choice you made and accept the consequences of that."


Video 6




"At twenty we rage against the heavens and the filth they hid, then we grow. Tired of it. The tragic attitude suits only an extended and ridiculous puberty."

-Soren Kjerkegor


Video 7




"Human, all too human"


"Religious and philological systems which offer such definitive answers to life's questions. Have been very attractive throughout history."


Video 8




"Make your own rules." 


"Do whatever you want."


Video 9




"Existential things much more straightforward than average about many aspects of life."


"Love and compassion are necessities not luxuries without them humanity cannot survive."


Video 10 




"You have to recognize your life has been given to it by you." 


"The literal meaning of life is whatever you're doing that prevents you from killing yourself."


"If there are no guidelines for our actions, then each of us is forced to design our own moral code, to invent a morality to live by."


◆Questions regarding this videos:-


Video 1 

Duration 01:09

As a part of existentialism how passions and freedom works ?


Video 2

Duration 01:48

Does only absurdity leads people for suicide ? How absurdity takes place in the human mind ? What are the reasons ?


Video 3

Duration 04:11

According to Camus what is the difference between absurdity and existentialism ? 


Video 4

Duration 00:12

Is there any connection between Dadaism and Nihilism ? And what is the role of art in Dadaism ?


Video 6

Duration 00:18

According to Soren Kjerkegor Nihilism is the loss of individuality. So what does it mean ? I want to know more about it.


◆Which video do you like the most ?


I like video number five(5), nine(9), ten(10) the most. In video number five I'm very much influenced by one thought of this video is that,


It is you who judge every value and choose your own meaning in life and once you are done that you should take responsibility for the choice you made and accept the consequences of that.


Here we can see that all situations depend on our decision. Once we take the decision the outcome is also acceptable by us, it's necessary. When we judge any value and choose any meaning of life we should take responsibility for the choice which we made. Furthermore I like video number nine(9) and ten(10) most. In video number Nine there is a statement that "Do whatever you want". It also gave me confidence about my goals. Video number ten inspires me a lot. There is also one purpose behind our birth. So with the existential things we can understand what we want to do, the real meaning of our life. So in this way I like these three videos. 


◆Learning outcome from video:-


After watching all these videos the concept of existentialism is clear in my mind. Before I didn't have much idea about existentialism, but after reading and watching I got an idea about existentialism. I also understand about the absurdity. After watching all the videos I came to know that there is purpose by our birth. We are not not born to follow the path which is created and founded by others, but create our own path and rules. After all this is our process of learning. In video nine there is fine sentence that,


"Learning is a gift. Even when pain is your teacher"


We learn from our experiences. And that teaches us the best lessons of life. And existentialism also teaches us how to look over the situation with a positive response. The meaning of your life must be given by you. So this all things I learned from this concept of existentialism and absurdity. I think existentialism removes absurdity from our mind. And at last i want to tell that existentialism teach me, 


"Don't follow others, make your own rules."

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