Auden's poem

Hello friends,

In this blog I want to talk about W. H. Auden and his poems.  Waystan Hugh Auden was born on February 21, 1907 in York, England.  As a young man he was influenced by the poetry of Thomas Hardy and Robert Frost, as well as William Black, Emily Dickinson, Gerard Mardley Hopkins and Old English Verses.  His collection of poems was published privately in 1928, but it was not until 1930, when another collection of poems was published that Auden founded a new pay generation. 

Basically Auden has a lot of collection of poems, but we are concerned with his these three poems.

•  September 1, 1939

•  In memory of WB Yates

•  Epitaph on a tyrant

So let’s discuss these poems related to activity questions

*Which lines of September 1, 1939 do you like the most?  Why ?

W. H. Auden's "September 1, 1939" collection of poets was first published in the October 18, 1939 edition of The New Republic, before being included in Under Time.  Written on the outbreak of World War ||  The poem is full of feelings of fear and uncertainty in the face of fascism and war, as well as the ambiguity of optimism that people can come together to confront dictatorship.  It is one of the greatest poems of the 20th century, ironically, however, the poet himself grew up.  Although his poems are scattered, 'September 1, 1939' is a text on which people change in times of crisis, including the famous after September 11, 2001.

I like these line of poetry,

 There is no universal love

 But to love alone.

This art of poetry refers to the love story of Nijinsky and Diagelev.  Nijinsky was remembered as a god like God.  She will dance like a girl!  Whereas, Diagilev himself has remained a mystery.  They both work together and they can be seen as lovers.  But things change when Nijinsky goes to marry Romola de Pulsky.  This has caused a lot of damage to Diagelev.  He then started beating up Nijinsky and even tried to destroy Nijinsky's life and career.  Nijinsky then began writing diaries.  So here in this verse he is referring to it.  Here in these lines the speaker wants to say about the meaningless propaganda championed by so-called Important People is not nearly as indecent as our own desires.  What the ballet dancer Nijinsky wrote about his lover Diaghilev is true for everyone.The fundamental human flaw is that we all want what we cannot have: love for ourselves and ourselves only, rather than universal love that benefits everyone.

We are so selfish. Man and woman all have desire for what they haven't. They not setisfied with what they have. We first sees our benefit, then others. Now days people are also do something for only themselves. If there is happening something bad with somebody, people think that it's their problem, not ours ! there is fine poem which I want to recite here,

First they came for socialist 

And I did not speak out 

Because I was not socialist

Then they came for trade unianist

And u did not speak our

Because I was not trade unianist

Then they came for the Jues

And I did not speak out

Because I was not Jue

Then they came for me

Then there was no one left to speak for me !!!

Thus, the poem indicates selfishness of people. As we know that, people's love is not for all but it's only for themselves and some for their family members and relatives, with whom they wanted to be loved.

* What's so special about 'In Memory of W. B. Yeats'?

‘In Memory of W. B. Yeats’ by W. H. Auden (1907-73) was written in 1939, following the death of the Irish poet W. B. Yeats in January of that year. As well as being an elegy for the dead poet, ‘In Memory of W. B. Yeats’ is also a meditation on the role and place of poetry in the modern world. The another thing about poem is Auden honors two traditions here: Yeats and the elegy and he tries to move the latter toward something new, expanded.  At traditional English ode is "typically a lyrical verse written in praise of, or dedicated to someone or something which captures the poet's interest or serves as an inspiration for the ode."

Auden says that Yeats' art lives on, as if it is an autonomous, living thing now detached from its host. According to Norton anthology :

"Poems about death tend to be concerned not just with loss, but also with what remains after a man or a woman dies. Elizabethan sonnets, like those of Spenser or Shakespeare, often take this idea of something persisting after death and use it in the context of an imagined dialogue between lovers, rather than in relation to an actual death: the lover promises his beloved that even though she must die, she will live on forever in his verses. In the elegy, that living-on after death may be thought of in religious terms, or perhaps in terms of cherished memory, or it may make itself felt by changing those who remain, transforming despair into the resolve to go on with life. This last possibility is what Tennyson's poem, "Ulysses," is all about."

Auden's poem draws on all these traditions as it focuses just on that moment when the words of a poet must begin to live on after his death. The poem which Auden writes is the first step in preserving Yeats the poet. But most important, Auden understands this process of poetic after life as taking place entirely within history.

* Is there any contemporary relevance of 'Epitaph on tyrant'?

‘Epitaph on a Tyrant’ is one of Auden’s short masterpieces. In just six lines, W. H. Auden (1907-73) manages to say so much about the nature of tyranny. W. H. Auden spent some time in Berlin during the 1930s, and it was here that he probably wrote ‘Epitaph on a Tyrant’, which was published in 1939, the year that the Second World War broke out. The specific tyrant Auden had in mind, then, was probably Adolf Hitler, though the poem can be analysed as a study in tyranny more generally, too. 

In today's time we can find many tyrant like Hitler. In politics there are many leaders who sees themselves as psychopathic god ! If we talk about the previous, (45th) president of America, Donald Trump was also fit in this catagory of tyrant. He uses many ways of political violence in US.  

If we compare Hitler and Donald Trump we can see that, Both were masters of mass communication. Hitler mastered beer hall oration, then newspapers, and then the new medium of radio. Donald Trump mastered television and then was one of the first leaders to master Twitter and other social media. Adolf Hitler had Asperger’s, with poor social skills, singular obsessions with conspiracy theories, and an intolerance of anyone who disagreed with him. His deepest need was to be seen as a genius. Donald Trump has narcissism, with odd social skills, belief in conspiracy theories, and an intolerance of people who disagree with him. His deepest need is for admiration and support of his grandiose sense of self-importance. So we can say that Trump is called tyrant.

Thank you.

Thinking Activity on W. B. Yeats - poems

 

Hello readers,

Welcome to my blog. After completing any particular unit, our professor dr. Dilip Barad sir gives us a task about that unit. So this is the task on W. B. Yeats poems. 

William Butler Yeats is often considered one of the finest poets in the English language. He was born in Dublin, Ireland to Irish-Protestant parents. His father was a painter who influenced the poets’ thoughts about art. Yeats’s mother shared with him her interest in folklore, and astrology. He won the Nobel Prize in literature. Yeats died in France in 1939. Yeats developed a lifelong interest in occult, metaphysics, and paranormal activities, which displayed through his poetry and writings. During the early period of his life W.B. Yeats was intent on becoming a considerable literary figure, and by the end of his life many considered him as one of the outstanding poets who had ever lived. The origin of his poetry has outlined by the British poet, Edwin Muir, as 

“a magnificent temperament associated with a magnificent style” 

(Safier 928). 

W. B. Yeats is well known for his two war poems. The first is "The Second Coming" and the other one is "On Being Asked For a War Poem". Both poems indicated that war is the way of our annihilation. Basically Yeats doesn't like wars, he is against world wars. So let's talk about both poems in detail. 

◆The Second Coming◆

William Butler Yeats began his poem, "The Second Coming" in 1919 right after World War One. It is important to note that Yeats did not believe in Christianity. Magic and occult theories are important elements in Yeats’s work. Yeats created an imaginary but believable religion that was cyclical. In “The Second Coming” Yeats shows us a vision full of apocalyptic, ritualistic and mystical symbolism. Here is the full poem… 

Turning and turning in the widening gyre

The falcon cannot hear the falconer;

Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold;

Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world,

The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere

The ceremony of innocence is drowned;

The best lack all conviction, while the worst

Are full of passionate intensity.

Surely some revelation is at hand;

Surely the Second Coming is at hand.

The Second Coming! Hardly are those words out

When a vast image out of Spiritus Mundi

Troubles my sight: somewhere in sands of the desert

A shape with lion body and the head of a man,

A gaze blank and pitiless as the sun,

Is moving its slow thighs, while all about it

Reel shadows of the indignant desert birds.

The darkness drops again; but now I know

That twenty centuries of stony sleep

Were vexed to nightmare by a rocking cradle,

And what rough beast, its hour come round at last,

Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born?

We can read this poem in three different contexts. 

• The first is political context

• The second is religious context

• The third is as pandemic poem

Here is the reference of 1918–1919 Spanish flu pandemic. In the weeks preceding Yeats's writing of the poem, his pregnant wife Georgie Hyde-Lees caught the virus and was very close to death. 

When we re-read the poem we got the idea that the poem is basically written as a pandemic poem. In this lines we can relate that,

Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold;

Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world,

The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere

The ceremony of innocence is drowned;

The best lack all conviction, while the worst

Are full of passionate intensity.

We know that the virus had no shape. But in this poem poet described virus as,

A shape with lion body and the head of a man. 

Yeats's wife caught the virus and she was very close to death. The highest death rates of the 1918–19 pandemic were among pregnant women in some areas, it was an up to 70 percent death rate for these women. It was a very terrible situation as we are facing today because of the CORONA virus. This situation we see in this lines,

The ceremony of innocence is drowned;

The another thing is the Bethlehem is not taken here as birth place of Jesus Christ, but it's consider here as birth place of flu virus.

To wind up we can say that this poem is also read as a pandemic poem. And we also connect it with today's time. The Spanish flu was as terrible as coronavirus. Both ruined lot's of families and their futures. 

◆On Being Asked For a War Poem◆

"On Being Asked for a War Poem" title itself seems like someone is asking a poet to write a poem about war. Later on we recognize it's Henry James and Edith Whortan who tell W. B. Yeats to write a poem about war. Well this is a poem by William Butler Yeats. The poem has six lines only. This poem was written on 6th February, 1915. It's the beginning of the First World War. Before we analyse ‘On Being Asked for a War Poem’, here’s a reminder of the text of the poem. 

I think it better that in times like these

A poet’s mouth be silent, for in truth

We have no gift to set a statesman right;

He has had enough of meddling who can please

A young girl in the indolence of her youth,

Or an old man upon a winter’s night.

Poet should not write a poem about war, but here the poet is writing a poem, it is like refusal as assent. It's very interesting fact to be noticed here is that, 

The poet don't want to write a poem, but a poet telling that through writing a poem !

It is quite a different style of answering by Yeats. In the first stanza of three lines the speaker said that it is war time; a very tough time poet should be silent. Because poets haven't the gift of speaking truth. It's the right of a statesman ! Here the poet uses irony. He wanted to tell the crowd they don't believe what the poet says, but they blindly believe in what the politicians say. Here is conflict between what is right and what is truth. 

In the second stanza of the remaining three lines, the poet talked about his subject matter of the poem. About whom and which type of poetry he wants to write. And another thing the poet says about statesmen is that he doesn't want to interfere with others. The poet talked about

Young girl, youth - unripe and immature youth

Old man, winter's night - mature people

Poet don't want to write a poem about battle, he wants to write a poem about youth and ballads for old people. It seems like the poet has a conflict with the statesman. The intention of speaker in this poem is,

If a poet is not ready to accept the challenges, it's  better that the poet remains silent.

If we talk about the rhyming scheme of the poem, it has an ABC ABC rhyme scheme. For example,

These : Please

Truth : Youth

Right : Night

So we can see that it is also an ironic poem. The speaker is trying to tell the truth through his poem. Remaining neutral as a poet is very difficult. Here we see the difficulty of the speaker. Poetry is the best way for them to give their opinions about subjects.

Here is the video recording of online class :

1. The Second Coming :-

2. On Being Asked for a War Poem:-

Thank you… 

Thinking activity on Bob Dylan & Robert Frost

Hello readers, I hope you are all doing well. Today I'm going to talk about two major American poets and songwriters, Bob Dylan and Robert Frost. This task is given by Vaidehi ma'am. For more information about thinking task you can visit the teacher's blog, https://vaidehi09.blogspot.com/2021/05/bob-dylan-and-robert-frost.html.So let's start…

●Bob Dylan●

Bob Dylan (born Robert Allen Zimmerman; May 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter, author and visual artist. Often regarded as one of the greatest songwriters of all time, Dylan has been a major figure in popular culture during a career spanning nearly 60 years. 

I like one of his poem "Blowin’ in the wind" the most. Here is this poem… 

How many roads must a man walk down

Before you call him a man?

Yes, ’n’ how many seas must a white dove sail

Before she sleeps in the sand?

Yes, ’n’ how many times must the cannonballs fly

Before they’re forever banned?

The answer, my friend, is blowin’ in the wind

The answer is blowin’ in the wind

How many years can a mountain exist

Before it’s washed to the sea?

Yes, ’n’ how many years can some people exist

Before they’re allowed to be free?

Yes, ’n’ how many times can a man turn his head

Pretending he just doesn’t see?

The answer, my friend, is blowin’ in the wind

The answer is blowin’ in the wind

How many times must a man look up

Before he can see the sky?

Yes, ’n’ how many ears must one man have

Before he can hear people cry?

Yes, ’n’ how many deaths will it take till he knows

That too many people have died?

The answer, my friend, is blowin’ in the wind

The answer is blowin’ in the wind. 

"Blowin' in the Wind," Bob Dylan's classic 1962 protest song, has had a long, rich life as an anthem for causes from civil rights to nuclear disarmament. In this song, the speaker poses a series of huge questions about the persistence of war and oppression, and then responds with one repeated, cryptic reply: "The answer, my friends, is blowin' in the wind." Finding an end to human cruelty, the song suggests, is a matter of understanding a truth that's all around but paradoxically impossible to grasp. 

◆Summary of the poem :-

How many paths does a person have to walk along before they're treated like a human being? How many oceans does a white dove have to fly over before she can rest on dry land? And how many times must weapons of war be fired before they're outlawed forever? The answer to these questions is just moving through the air, my friend, it's just moving through the air.

How long can a mountain be around before it crumbles into the ocean? How long can some human beings be around before they're finally freed from oppression? And how many times can a person look away from that oppression, acting like they simply don't see it? The answer to these questions is just moving through the air, my friend, it's just moving through the air.

How many times does a person have to look up before they actually see the sky? How many ears does a single person have to have before they'll actually listen to other people weeping? And how many people have to die for that same person to understand that there's too much death in the world? The answer to these questions is just moving through the air, my friend, it's just moving through the air.

◆Why i like this song ?

I like this song among all Bob Dylan songs. And it made an impact on me. Because this song indicates the reality of society and incomprehensible cruelty of war and oppression.

"Blowin' in the Wind," Bob Dylan's classic 1962 protest song, has had a long, rich life as an anthem for causes from civil rights to nuclear disarmament. In this song, the speaker poses a series of huge questions about the persistence of war and oppression, and then responds with one repeated, cryptic reply: "The answer, my friends, is blowin' in the wind." Finding an end to human cruelty, the song suggests, is a matter of understanding a truth that's all around but paradoxically impossible to grasp.

This song addresses the incomprehensible cruelty of war and oppression. In this song, the speaker asks a series of unanswerable questions about how long it will take for humanity to establish lasting peace, compassion, and justice, and then repeatedly concludes

“The answer is blowin’ in the wind.”

This ambiguous reply suggests the complexities of the question itself, if the answer is “blowin’ in the wind,” it’s either right there in front of people or it's impossible to grasp or both! That paradox also reflects on the nature of human cruelties, those obvious evils that humanity can’t seem to stop perpetuating. 

The speaker presents listeners with a series of big questions about war, oppression, and indifference throughout the song, treating these questions both as worldwide problems and the problems of every individual. To that end, the song's language is grand and general, and the use of biblically inflected images for instance, the searching dove as a symbol of peace suggests the scale and depth of the questions at hand, these are issues, the song implies, that go right to the roots of human nature itself. 

Of course, these questions also work on a more personal scale. Stopping war and oppression is the individual, internal work of “a man,” the song suggests, as much as that of a government or a nation, big cruelties can grow from individual attitudes to the world. 

Here i want to say that as the solution to all these problems, the song repeatedly insists, is both ever present and impossible to grasp: it’s “blowin’ in the wind,” at once as obvious and as invisible as the air itself. This paradoxical non answer suggests bewilderment in the face of human cruelty, but also a strange sort of hopefulness. One can’t pin the wind down, but it is everywhere.

Perhaps the song is suggesting that people need to think and perceive in new, freer ways in order to break out of their old patterns of war and violence. That this is a job both for humanity at large and for every “man” offers a grain of hope in the song as well, 

"If individual people can think in novel ways and come to understand how the answer might be “blowin’ in the wind,” maybe an end to war, cruelty, and oppression is possible after all." 

●Robert Frost●

Robert Frost, in full Robert Lee Frost, (born March 26, 1874, San Francisco, California, U.S. Died in January 29, 1963, Boston, Massachusetts), American poet who was much admired for his depictions of the rural life of New England, his command of American colloquial speech, and his realistic verse portraying ordinary people in everyday situations.

I like one of his poem "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" the most. Here is the poem… 

Whose woods these are I think I know. 

His house is in the village though; 

He will not see me stopping here 

To watch his woods fill up with snow. 

My little horse must think it queer 

To stop without a farmhouse near 

Between the woods and frozen lake 

The darkest evening of the year. 

He gives his harness bells a shake 

To ask if there is some mistake. 

The only other sound’s the sweep  

Of easy wind and downy flake. 

The woods are lovely, dark and deep, 

But I have promises to keep, 

And miles to go before I sleep, 

And miles to go before I sleep. 

 

"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" was written by American poet Robert Frost in 1922 and published in 1923, as part of his collection New Hampshire. The poem is told from the perspective of a traveler who stops to watch the snowfall in the forest, and in doing so reflects on both nature and society. Frost claimed to have written the poem in one sitting. Though this is likely apocryphal, it would have been particularly impressive due to the poem's formal skill, it is written in perfect iambic tetrameter and utilizes a tight-knit chain rhyme characteristic to a form called the Rubaiyat stanza.

◆Summary of the poem:-

The speaker thinks about who owns the woods that he or she is passing through, and is fairly sure of knowing the landowner. However, the owner's home is far away in the village, and thus he is physically incapable of seeing the speaker pause to watch the snowfall in the forest.

The speaker thinks his or her horse must find it strange to stop so far from any signs of civilization. Indeed, they are surrounded only by the forest and a frozen lake, on the longest night of the year.

The horse shakes the bells on its harness, as if asking if the speaker has made a mistake by stopping. The only other sound besides the ringing of these bells is that of the wind and falling snowflakes, which the speaker likens to the feathers of goose down.

The speaker finds the woods very alluring, drawn both to their darkness and how vast and all encompassing they seem. However, the speaker has obligations to fulfill elsewhere. Thus, though he or she would like to stay and rest, the speaker knows there are many more miles to go before that will be possible.

◆Why i like this song ?

This song made an impact on me. We see the contrast between society and the natural world. While society is a place of confinements and restrictions, nature is a place of respite and peace. I like one of this stanza, 

The woods are lovely, dark and deep, 

But I have promises to keep, 

And miles to go before I sleep, 

And miles to go before I sleep. 

Speaker said that the woods are lovely, dark and deep, but he or she keeps promise that they have miles to go before they sleep. The speaker of the poem is mindful that he has "miles to go before" he can stop to rest, so aware is he and so pressing are his responsibilities that he actually repeats this idea twice at the end of the poem. He knows that his "promises" must be kept, his responsibilities met. However, he cannot help but be arrested by the beautiful and tranquil sight of the deep, dark woods "fill[ing] up with snow." It is the darkest evening of the year and the "downy flake" blows gently through the "lovely, dark and deep" forest. The speaker is so awed by the sight of the dark woods and the pure white snow that he stops, and even his horse is a little confused because he is used to their routine and knows that they would not normally "stop without a farmhouse near." Thus, one theme of the poem is that the beauty and tranquility of nature can provide a respite from the demands of society and work. 

Thank you… 

Breath : A Short Play experiment by Latta Baraiya

As a student of the Department of English, MKBU, our Sundays become more interesting and creative. As part of our Sunday reading task activity this Sunday we are going to have one experiment of Breath:A short play (30sec) by Samuel Beckett. This task is assigned by Dr. Dilip Barad sir, in which we have to shoot one video about how we interpret the things and try to picturized Beckett's play according to our understanding. Here is the teacher's blog link fore more information,

https://blog.dilipbarad.com/2014/09/interpretation-challenge-breath.html

The Theatre of Absurd started in the early 20th Century by a group of dramatists who considered themselves intellectuals and wanted to show their reaction to the realistic dramatists of the 19thCentury who were very popular in their time. The Theatre of Absurd was a reaction against the realistic drama of the 19thCentury. Gradually this movement became very popular among the audience of the time. Martin Esslin made the form popular. He wrote a book entitled Absurd Drama which propagates the theory and principles of Absurd Drama. Many dramatists like Samuel Beckett, Eugene O’ Neil, Arthur Adamov, and EdwardAlbee etc.Wrote many absurd plays which became very popular among the audience. Although it declined in the beginning of the 21st century, even in our age there are some dramatists like Harold Pinter, who wrote Absurd plays. 

(Samuel Beckett)

At the beginning of the third act of Measure for Measure, as Claudio languishes in prison, sentenced to death for the crime of fornication, the Duke (disguised as a friar) counsels the condemned man to "reason thus with life" : 

A breath thou art, 

Servile to all the skyey influences 

That do this habitation, where thou keep'st, 

Hourly afflict.

Of all of Shakespeare's comedies, Measure for Measure is the most congruent with the works of Samuel Beckett; its bitter laughter, its depiction of pitiful humanity, and its preoccupation with death resonate throughout the Irishman's works. 

Breath is a absurd play written by Samuel Beckett in the 1969. It considered as a smallest play ever written. It is only about 30 second play. It also considered as experimental play. This play can be interpretated in many ways. The play consider as absurd play. Here is the video of the play 'Breath',

Simply we know that breathing means an inhalation or exhalation of air from the lungs. But it's also considered as the life and death also. An inhalation is indicates the birth and an exhalation indicates the death. So we can say that Breath means both life and death. In life it consider as the symbol  of action. Sometimes person so much habituated of breathing. Person doesn't realise its actually importance for live life. The play reflects the reality of human life. It reflects meaningless and absurdity. Meaningless in the sense that people has no any purpose of living life. Everything is meaningless. We live life just waiting for death. Breathing help us to reach ultimately death. So Breath is the symbol of Bridge between life and death. People who do everything and anything in their life, is all about absurdity. 

Transcript of the Play

Curtain.

1. Faint light on stage littered with miscellaneous rubbish. Hold for about five seconds.

2. Faint brief cry and immediately inspiration and slow increase of light together reaching maximum together in about ten seconds. Silence and hold about five seconds.

3. Expiration and slow decrease of light together reaching minimum together (light as in I) in about ten seconds and immediately cry as before. Silence and hold for about five seconds.

Rubbish. No verticals, all scattered and lying. Cry. Instant of recorded vagitus. Important that two cries be identical, switching on and off strictly synchronized light and breath. Breath. Amplified recording.

Maximum light. Not bright. If 0 = dark and 10 = bright, light should move from about 3 to 6 and back.

Yes, there are lot many videos, in which we can see the adaptations of this play and all seems very creative and worth watching. You also watch some of the videos which are attached in Teacher's blog. Here I'm sharing my picturization of the play:

In above picturization we see that it revolves around the birth to death. There is one statement that…

"We are thrown into the meaningless universe."

It means there is nothing meaningful in our life. Everything is meaningless, pointless. What we do, what we did and what we are going to do is like nothing,it's meaningless. Is that so ??? 

When we listen about this question our mind is going to fight with all this things.  Because we basically believers of Karma, God, Goddesses. And as a believer of that we have myths of heaven and hell. Many people believe that if they do good Karma they get good future and they will be go in heaven, if they do bad Karma they have to suffer a lot in their life and get place in hell. And the interesting fact is that nobody seen God, Goddesses and even there is no proof of heaven and hell !!! And they believe there is meaning behind their life !  But in existentialism Camus makes a rather bold claim on the meaning of life: 

There isn’t one and we can’t make one either. 

He argues that it is impossible for us to find a satisfying answer to the question of the meaning of life, and any attempt to impose a meaning on the universe will end in disaster, as whatever meaning we pick will be sent up later.

In the begging of the video we see one toy(dog). What is the work of toys ? Their work is to make someone happy, mostly childrens, there are also youngsters and old people who like to play with toys. So the main work of any toy is make to someone happy and delightful. The same thing happens with people also. Many people waste their life to make someone happy. They blindly doing same like toys. But we know that after some time children don't like to play with the same toy and they bought a new one, in the same way some people are gate bored and feel suffocated with the company of same person. So at the end there is no meaning of that to make someone happy. One day we all have to die then why people wasting time on this meaningless activities. 

The other important symbol which I used here is the light. Light indicates happiness and sadness. As we know that light never remains On for all time and it also does not remain Off. It continues on and off. The same concept seems in our life also. Happiness and sadness is like light. We can't be happy forever in our whole life. And there is no sadness for all time in our life. It's like one goes and the second comes. They both do not exist at the same place and same time. And this is life. We have to accept the situation as it is. 

In between the video i used other unnecessary stuffs, that indicates absurdity and meaningless, Which indicated the development of life and going to conclude with last breath means death. That all rubbish things are not necessary for human life but people wanted to live their life with full capacities. They wanted to show off. At the end there is nothing going to with them. In this all stuffs we can see that after death we don't know when we are going to take next birth, then why this all rubbish matter attract people ? Why society make that all rules about life ? But there is one point that,

If there is no meaning of life, then why don't we create our own meaning of life !?!

And another important thing is that,

કાલે મારવાના ડરથી આપણે આજે જીવવાનું નથી છોડતા.

There are lots of questions which is not answered. But what if the meaning of knowing that answers ? This all things are absurd. Because there isn't meaning to find the answers. We have to focus on our present, this is the moment which we can control.  So the thing is that birth and death is not controlled by us, but our future our present is on our hand. We make it brighter. Not for others but for ourselves. Not to make others happy but for us to stay happy. Yes after that all there is nothing in life, everything is meaningless, but live for ourselves is far better rather than live for make others happy. 

So this is my interpretation of this play. 

 

Thank you...